Organ Pencernaan pada Ayam Broiler

Anatomy of different segments of the digestive tract of broilers


Esophagus: The esophagus was a long, narrow and straight tube which extends from the glottis at the posterior end of the pharynx, through the neck and thorax to join with the glandular stomach. The average lengths of esophagus were 3.73±0.278 cm, 8.45±0.210 cm and 13.75±0.478 cm, at D1, D14 and D28 respectively (Fig. 9). The average weights of esophagus were 0.75±0.067 gm, 4.13±0.153 gm and 7.45±0.341 gm, at D1, D14 and D28 respectively (Fig. 10).


Proventriculus: The glandular stomach or proventriculus was relatively small and tubular. It was located caudal to the crop. The average lengths of proventriculus were 1.23±0.110 cm, 2.83±0.118 cm and  3.70±0.122 cm, at D1, D14 and D28 respectively (Fig. 9). The average weights of proventriculus were  0.48±0.042 gm, 2.88±0.268 gm and 6.25±0.028 gm, at D1, D14 and D28 respectively (Fig. 10).

Gizzard: The muscular stomach or gizzard was located immediately succeeding the proventriculus. It was placed partly between the lobes and partly behind the left lobe of the liver. It was built with thick strong muscles. The average lengths of gizzard were 1.825±0.018 cm, 3.275±0.112 cm and 5.32±0.128 cm, at D1, D14 and D28 respectively. The average weights of gizzard were 2.63±0.012 gm, 13.6±0.056 gm and 40.2±0.048 gm, at D1, D14 and D28 respectively.

Small intestine

Duodenum: The duodenum started at the gizzard and formed an elongated loop. After the duodenum, the small intestine formed a coil and was suspended from the dorsal abdominal wall the by a thin membrane – the mesentery. This membrane carried the blood vessels associated with the intestine. The average lengths of duodenum were 8.23±0.131 cm, 26.25±0.478 cm and 34.13±1.477 cm, at D1, D14 and D28 respectively (Fig. 9). This observation was similar with Hassouna (2001), where, the author stated that the length of the duodenal loop and its parts as well as its shape and extension varied in birds. The average weights of duodenum were 0.61±0.029 gm, 6.53±0.348 gm and 13.02±1.361 gm, at D1, D14 and D28 respectively (Fig. 10).

Jejunum: There was no clear demarcation between the jejunum and ileum. Meckel’s Diverticulum was a constant feature about half way along the small intestine appearing as a small projection on the outer surface of the small intestine. This projection was where the yolk stalk attached during the development of the embryo. The average lengths of jejunum were 22.38±0.625 cm, 68.25±0.629 cm and 123.50±3.663 cm, at D1, D14 and D28 respectively. This observation was similar with Hassouna (2001), where, the author stated that in all bird species the jejunum was the longest part of the small intestine. The average weights of jejunum were 0.823±0.032 gm, 7.56±0.112 gm and 46.53±0.242 gm, at D1, D14 and D28 respectively.

Ileum: The average lengths of ileum were 6.6±0.625 cm, 22.5±0.629 cm and 31±3.663 cm, at D1, D14 and D28 respectively (Fig. 9). This observation was similar with Hassouna (2001), where, the author found that lowest mean percentage of the length of ileum to the total length of the small intestine in chicken (2.7%). The average weights of ileum were 0.32±0.043 gm, 2.65±0.217 gm and 11.75±0.882 gm, at D1, D14 and D28 respectively (Fig. 10).

Caeca: The large intestine started from the caeca, and the two caeca were blind pouches and extend along the line of the small intestine towards the liver having proximal and distal part, and were closely attached to the small intestine along their length by the mesentery. Each caecum had three main parts. This observation was similar with Hassouna (2001), where, the author proved that caeca were long cylindrical expansions in chickens. The average lengths of each caeca were 3.625±0.217 cm, 10.25±0.645 cm and 18.125±1.732 cm, at D1, D14 and D28 respectively (Fig. 9). The average weights of caeca were 0.15±0.035 gm, 1.99±0.143 gm and 5.53±0.787 gm, at D1, D14 and D28 respectively (Fig.10).

Colorectum: It was the terminal part of the intestine, passing between the ileo-cecal junction and the cloaca. It was comparatively short and straight and had thick, muscular walls. The average lengths of colorecti were 2.925±0.119 cm, 6.82±0.011 cm and 8.83±0.037 cm, at D1, D14 and D28 respectively. The average weights of colorecti were 0.48±0.022 gm, 1.95±0.212 gm and 4.66±0.018 gm, at D1, D14 and D28 respectively.


Lebih lengkapnya baca lansung aja, Sumber

Gross and histological studies of digestive tract of broilers during postnatal growth and development

M. Nasrin, M. N. H. Siddiqi, M. A. Masum and M. A. Wares
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
E-mail: mithundvm@yahoo.com
J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 69–77, 2012 ISSN 1810-3030